We know that the Confucian classics is known as the "," it is a matter after Confucius. But "as" after the word does not, at least in the Zhou Dynasty bronze in the inscriptions have emerged. "Explanation", said: "After, from the silk is woven. From the line." This should be the intention of the original, the play will be extended "by Victoria", "management" and other means. "Explanation", said: "After, the trail also. If nothing approach could not be used also." This is later extended the meaning of play, and it is obvious that Confucianism has been upgrading the status of the relevant. As for the origin of the book said, saying a number. Zhang Taiyan "Therefore, the General Lun Heng literature": "The book gets its name, it is replaced with bamboo Fu", such as the Futu to Beiye in a book to line continuity, it said that "as, for a silk is made up of Said. "Liu Shipei" by the school textbooks "second class based on" the text said "the explanation that the ancient people see the more classical Chinese, was" false rule of justice and wire-to six by name. That is the text of Speakers of the group, also known as As the economic, and Bi words to show differences. "And Paper Xirui in the" study history, "believes that is known as the Six Classics, because of the cut by Confucius:" The Weiyantaiyi is the criteria for Wanshi. " However, Zhang Xuecheng "literature and history-just the solution," emphasized that the so-called: "-which is due to have the name of the Utah factor而立father of the just." It is obvious that these explanations or limited, "said the text" purporting , Or a later Confucian prejudice, that there is no help, "the" source.
In fact, "the" Confucian classics as the title, at least in the last years of the Warring States had already appeared, and not just limited to the Confucian classics such as "Mojing." Which will be called the Confucian classics, before seen, "Zhuang Zi Wan chapter days": Confucius said that the old Dan said: "Qiu Zhi" Poems "," book "," Man "and" music "," easy "," Spring and Autumn "Six, since that Jiuyi, Shuzhi its just so; rape, 70-jun, On the Road先王and Zhou Ming, the response of the tracks, a hook with no-Jun. Shen Yi-fu! Person also difficult, Road is also difficult to understand »" I said: "Fortunately, just, son of the not-jun also met Zhishi! Six husband,先王a thing of the past also, How can trace its so zai! Today's son said, also still trace. Trace husband, Lu what, and the trace Qi Lu Zai! "If Confucius and Laozi the credibility of this dialogue, then the so-called Confucian 6, is a thing of the past先王is先王Jiayanyihang of records, therefore make these records Only know how he expected, but not know Suoyi Ran, in other words, the so-called, is not out of the hands of one person, by rule 6 of Confucius by the fact they are先王formation of files. At the same time, these documents can not be prescribed Suoyi Ran Road, so after another to "address," or "Interpretation" in order to explain these documents Suoyi Ran, this interpretation of the text that is known as the "Biography." It is relative-and the establishment, herein circumstances covered with a primer similar to Zhang Xuecheng said.
These先王known as the literature, originally did not mean that what the mysterious. But later Confucianist for the special needs of factional fighting, but this was the title of the more normal interpretation of the more confused, more explanation of the more mysterious. Code of the Eastern Han Dynasty political significance of the "Bai Hu Tong Yi," the release for regular, that is, "Chang? Quot;, because of the Confucian classics that contains a variable instead of the eternal truth. Xirui Paper" The study history, "also speculated, or when Confucius cut for six by the time of his trip, can often, for the name. Duan Yucai in the "Explanation Note," also said that the texture of silk from that of the, by then, we must first have a weft, is Six Classics Sangang so that the five permanent members of the Heaven and Earth as often. Kwong-hole "taii note sequence," even said: "North Rong Ma, not on the screen as Confucianism; Southland Futu, can not be diverted to the days of justice. "Obviously, this is all, the lack of a real basis for a strong and mysterious, is not sufficient to understand the origin of.
In fact, if the Confucian classics from the main source, these books does not mean that with the slightest mystery. We know that the origin of Chinese civilization quite early, for the invention and use of Confucius is a very long before the era. According to "12 years Zuo Zhuan Zhao Gong" records, WANG Yue-: "History is good also, as a good son! Are able to read the" three graves, "" Code 5 "," Cable 8 "," Qiu 9 "." According to Scholars of history, where the "three graves", Fuxi, Tang Yao, Yushun book, "Cable 8", the gossip is about the first book, "9 Qiu," Kyushu land, atmosphere book. As to whether these books are so old history, we do not have the whole letter. However, the resulting by the Enlightenment, the origin of ancient Chinese books is a long time ago, and some really spread to the era of Confucius. So in this sense that the time of Confucius, Chinese culture around the royal family while the weak and facing a deep crisis, but the existence of various classical literature is a kind of objective facts, but also to Confucius on the collation of classical literature has provided Conditions and possibilities. "Historical Records of Confucius family" that the time of Confucius, and micro-week room Liyue waste, "Poems", "book" indispensable Yan. Confucius tracing three generations of the ceremony, the order "book", Tang Yao Ji on the occasion of the next to the Qin Ying, for the case. Thus, Confucius on the "book" by virtue of finishing at that time to the main assembly to the conduct of public affairs, classical literature. From now of the "Book", the so-called "Yaodian", "Shundian" "Dayu desert", "Gaotao desert," and so on, we certainly do not have to be regarded as the real historical documents, but would definitely be written in Confucius before.
We know that Yin was due to Mr Halliday. Yanren the system is basically evolved from the system from the summer. Therefore, the situation of the summer while we is not clear, but the situation generally known Yanren can be deduced. According to Oracle's research results can know, the Yin of the royal family have been full-time official historian, BU speech on the Fok, who served as a part of this role. Their duty is responsible for recording the activities of the royal family, work rules like "The Book of Rites-algae," said, the move left the history books, history books of the statement is right. Or if, "Han Yi Wen Zhi," said the left were made by the Historical Records, the history of the right notes. But in any case, they recorded the trip with these words, we may be able to see the "Book", but also by virtue of Confucius was the literature.
And "book" the situation is somewhat similar to the "Spring and Autumn." Confucius before the "Spring and Autumn" not only can we see such a. The real situation may be, "Spring and Autumn" is the late Western Zhou Dynasty since the country formed by诸侯files, and in this performance of "Book" similar, but may result in division of Confucius and the collation and "Book" have Focus. Therefore, we have seen, "Shang Shu" Xia Shangzhou three generations of time to compile documents for the sequence, and "Spring and Autumn" LU Guo recorded the activities of the main line between national pay dispute with the situation. Of course, this "Spring and Autumn" by the Confucius finishing, not appearance. Confucius before the "Spring and Autumn" might like Mencius said: "king of the track income and" Poems "death," poetry "and then die," Spring and Autumn "for. Jin" x ", Chu's" prayer Wu, "Lu's "Spring and Autumn", one also. Qihuan making it, Jin-wen, the body of its history. Confucius said: 'its meaning is just the theft of Qiu'. "Therefore, when countries like" Spring and Autumn "things should not be only this The "Spring and Autumn", but almost the诸侯countries have similar things, Confucius said 120 countries had seen "Spring and Autumn Period," Mozi also boasted "I see 100" Spring and Autumn "." And so on, perhaps all Is a fact.
"Book", "Spring and Autumn" outside again "poetry." Today of "The Book of Songs" is one of China's earliest collection of poetry, a total of 305, the wind, Accor, Chung three categories. Including temples of poetry, Qingtai Fu's poetry, but also civil poetry. They reflected the era from the early Western Zhou Dynasty to the middle of the Spring and Autumn Annals. But before Confucius is not the situation. Sima Qian in the "Confucius family", he said: "ancient" poetry "over 3,000 articles, until Confucius, to its weight, admitted to impose on propriety, on the mining lease, Hou Ji, in reference to the Super Yanzhou, to You, Li is missing . I began Ren, Gu Yue, ' "Commissioner of estrogen" chaos that "wind" before, "Lu Ming," "Xiao Ya" before, "Wang" as "Tagaytay" before "Qingmiao" for the "Homecoming" before' . 305 are Xiange of Confucius, to a "Shao", "Wu" and "Ya" and "Homecoming" The Voice. Ke Deer in Liyue Since then, to prepare for Wang, as the Six Classics. "Know Today the "Book of Songs" from the previous large number of poetry from finishing.
"The Book of Songs," "Spring and Autumn", "Man" and "music", "easy." "Man" and "music" in the situation we talked about at the Duke of Zhou system has made fun of Confucius by virtue of finishing by the original Perhaps it was the early Western Zhou Dynasty since the formation of those things. As for the "easy", the situation is relatively more complicated. Mentioned before, "Cable 8" seems to be "easy" nosy or the source of the embryonic origin might be a long time ago, mainly Zhanshi function. "Han Yi Wen Zhi" On the "easy" the evolution that "easy" said: "Fuxi's Yangguan as in days, prone on the concept of law, the concept of Animals and Birds of the text, and to the times, from near Moromi, far from all of. Therefore only be nosy, to-the gods of Germany, to things like feelings. "As for the occasion of Yanzhou, in about the top, Nitian of violence, Wang Shun诸侯to life and Track, days Xiao Ke Deer of the people. Therefore of "easy" Liu Yao, for the next. Hung it, "like" and "elephant", "Ji Ci," "Classical Chinese", "Xugua" is 10. Gu Yue "easy", just deep. Sam Shing more people, three ancient World calendar. This is despite having all the historical facts, but their major and indeed reflects the "easy" in a book before the main evolution. In other words, Fuxi for gossip is perhaps the ancient inhabitants of a legend, perhaps since time immemorial Legend has it the "Cable 8", but this gossip or eight cable to a time when Yanzhou is between a major change, is characterized by Wang Speech for the 64 hexagrams, and Gua speech and settlement speech. Wang "Book of Changes" is a long time. Sima Qian newspaper "Ren An book" that "Wang's arrest and" Book of Changes "," presumably not in the Taishi such a major issue unfounded. "Xici" also said: "" easy "-also, when Yin of the end of the world, weeks Shing Tak also» When Wang and Zhou is also a matter of «" Although the speculation of speech, but the basic and Taishi is similar to the public, That the "Book of Changes" in the basic forming a time when Yanzhou.
Of course, say "Book of Changes" in the basic forming a time when Yanzhou, does not mean that in subsequent years by not decorated and modified. From "The Book of Changes" by its very nature, because of its main function is to Zhangua, when there was a time when Yanzhou from gossip to 64 hexagrams after the speech can not be without more people and the practice of testing, so we can see "Book of Changes" Gua lines in the speech recorded in those stories, some for Wang after the Duke of Zhou, this is human after verification, "Book of Changes" function of the increase into account. In short, Confucius, "Book of Changes" has the basic structure in place, and may be due to the development of practice, but also a lot of "Book of Changes" principle of explanation, all of which are finishing Confucius "Book of Changes," the basic material. This is a decision by the six as the head of the "Book of Changes" in fact and the other five books are very similar place. When our basic understanding of the main sources of Confucian classics, we may be further explored by Confucius and the relationship between 6 and further understand the history of the development of Confucius and Confucianism in Chinese civilization history of why occupy such an important position.
6 Confucius and the complexity of the relationship to. Because of a history of Que have to ask, without sufficient information to fill and rebuild this part of history and the other is because of the Confucian school of thought within the gateway to struggle so that this could have not discussed the issue of default and more complicated. Jurists and the Western Han Dynasty by Jinwen after the Confucian school of thought that almost all the six are determined by the hand of Confucius, the Confucius and then six, before does not matter, as Confucius. Paper-Rui in the "history of" the beginning said: "The opening of the times, since Confucius cut off six set for the beginning. Confucius ago, are prohibited by; Utah to both of Lier, only the 5,000 words; Buddha is not Health, not the On-Qifo also. "He and those in the Jin Wen Jurists, the Confucius was cut by the six, is not to organize the so-called ancient literature, but the means of sustenance through the use of academic lofty political ideals . Paper's wrote: "Reading made of the Confucius, the Confucius know when, as the purpose for six. Confucius is the emperor of Germany without the king's place, that's not old age, the retreat will cut by 6 to the Wanshi. Weiyantaiyi its real The criteria for Wanshi. Renjun for the post, will be the compliance of Confucius, is enough to rule a country so-called 'while on the rule breach of the chaos.,' As the literati, Yibi compliance of the Confucius, Is sufficient to rule a so-called 'gentleman's amendment of Kyrgyzstan, contrary to the fierce villain.' This Wanshi of the statement, one of the private non-On also. Confucius taught not «that is made within the 6. Confucius is for Wanshishibiao, 6 After that Wanshi textbooks. "Clearly, these scholars Jin Wen said at the time of Confucius and even the inner feelings of consistency, but also inevitably argument is too extreme, easily lead to opponents of Jienan and criticism.
Eastern Han Dynasty, the Classical Chinese Confucian scholars generally based on the academic Readme, "Shuerbuzuo, and the good old letter," Confucius is only infer the previous generation of materials has to be-after finishing system, so as to preserve the ancient culture it And therefore Confucius is only a future historian, he's finishing what those ancient literature does not Bukeliyu the Weiyantaiyi and theoretical construct. They generally believe that the six were Duke of Zhou Confucian old Code, if the presumption must be the pioneers of Confucianism, it not only is the Duke of Zhou Confucius.
Indeed, future generations of the so-called Confucian Six of Confucius is not to appear before, but things have been previously. The problem is that these pre-existing literature whether the various after finishing the Confucius » If the answer is yes, then finishing time of Confucius in how the work is done »it so that it contains a profound and difficult Weiyandayi Li Yu, really pinning his old elderly care reform, as well as the profound meaning of peace Wan Shi Kai»
According to the old Code of Confucius has been finishing the six, not used to be a controversial statement. Sima Qian in the "Confucius family" has put it quite clear: "the time of Confucius, and micro-week room Liyue waste," Poems "," book "lack [Confucius] tracing three generations of the ceremony, the order" book ", on the Tang Yu Ji the occasion, down to the Qin Miao, for the case.…… It "book", "Book of Rites" Since Confucius. Confucius language Master Lu: 'also know their music. Xiru only make, if the net For example, if the White Jiao, Yi also like to into.''Wu Lu returned to self-defence, then music is, "Ya" and "Homecoming" properly provided. 'Ancient "poetry" over 3,000 articles, until Confucius, to its re - , Choose to impose on propriety, on the mining lease Houji, in reference to the Sheng Yan Zhou, Li You-the only missing.…… 350 are Xiange of Confucius, to a "Shao" and "Wu" and "Ya" "Homecoming" The Voice. Ke Deer in Liyue Since then, to prepare for Wang, as the Six Classics. Confucius and night-"easy" sequence "Tuan" and "in" and "elephant", "said Gua", "Classical Chinese . "Read" easy ", Wei made Sanjue. Said: 'I leave a few years, and if so, I was" easy "Bin-bin just.' Confucius" Poems "," book "," Man "and" music " Education, covered 3,000 disciples Yan, body-Six Classics are two of 70.…… Zaiyue: 'mandrax between mandrax between! Gentleman in the world and were not not said Yan. Wudao not just, why since I found later zai » 'And this is the Historical Records "Spring and Autumn", from the implicit public and under until Aigong 14 years, 12 public. According to Lu, the pro-week, the Yin and transportation of three generations. Wenci about its means and Bo. "If Sima Qian's According to the description does, then six, as Confucius and the relationship has been quite understand, "Poems", "book", "Man" and "music" It is basically finishing from the old Code, "easy", "Spring and Autumn "The same is true only more deliberately under a lot of effort only.
But to the modern times, particularly with the Jueqi Yigu school, it was the beginning of Sima Qian expressed doubts about the records, such as extreme Qian Xuantong even fundamentally denied by Confucius and the relationship between the six. He was in 1923 in "A Mr. Gu Jiegang book" in that:
1, Confucius or no cut in production by six things;
2, "Poems", "book", "Man", "easy", "Spring and Autumn", this is irrelevant to the five books ( "The music" without this book);
3, irrelevant to the five match one book to be known as the Six of the reason, Qian Xuantong think that this is because "the Analects of Confucius" of the Yayan, poetry, books, bailiffs ceremony, and "Xing In poetry, books, courtesy of the Music "(" Historical Records of Confucius family ") said,…… because of Mencius, a Confucian" Spring and Autumn ", therefore the" Spring and Autumn "配上;
4, six of the match, when at the end of the Warring States;
5, since the name of the establishment of the six was "Ru Xiao Xun Zi chapter", "Shang Jun battle of the agricultural chapter," "The Book of Rites solution," "Spring and Autumn Fan Lu Yubei chapter", "Historical Records" (a lot), "Han Yi Wen Zhi", "Bai Hu Tong Yi" and so on, each Road and, always, both 6; Xiache but also what the five permanent members, Five Elements, and so on the thread of her conversation to Bifu. For Qian's view, the same week to have a fair criticism. In his "Six Confucius and the question of the relationship," the article pointed out that Qian Yi Gu sent from the spirit of the doubt, the total negation of the six are related to Confucius as the same argument. His views, of course not all that bad, such as on the "Poems", "book" nature of the judgement, justified. However, a general view that he suspected foothold, is very problematic. That is to say, Qian on this issue first of the negative comments, and then in ancient literature to find proof of the functions of their views and support, which inevitably a subjective. Moreover, "The Analects of Confucius" itself is also available in-school and the issues to be carefully solved, not every word sentence can According to the letter. With the present "The Analects of Confucius" to judge right and wrong as the standard, which concluded that the six-free and Confucius, "Xun Zi," "Historical Records" and so on the record are Xiache, would it have? Suspected of arbitrary «Therefore, Qian The idea on the surface with the so-called five for the Confucius noted that the complete opposite, in fact Gezhiyipian, according to insufficient.
- Zai Andean statement. When we do not have enough evidence to deny the six Confucius and the relationship, if only for the purpose to be subjective To, as Qian said, "I do not think that the six with the separation of Confucius, Confucianism is not easy to overthrow the", then we in fact committed the mistake of subjective assumptions. After finishing six Confucius is the Qin and Han scholars compare the same views as his finishing what extent, how to approach, of course, we can discuss, but we do not have to fundamentally doubt Confucius finishing six by this fact.
This of course does not mean that we agree with scholars of the Jin Wen said that Confucius in finishing six before or after the time that the establishment of a theoretical framework that is expected to 6 by the division of responsibilities for a peaceful Wanshi. The real situation may be, Confucius in the process at different stages of life, or for teaching Shoutu needs, or for personal hobby (such as the "Book of Changes"), had committed to finishing the classification of classical literature, cut-to - To form a final version. At the same time, because at that time if the conditions of the times there is no printing technology and paper, such as Confucius finishing the final version is only in Kongmen disciples in the spread, and no large-scale dissemination.
As Confucius finishing in the Confucian classics in particular the so-called six when the guiding ideology, we still believe that Confucius's self, that is, "Shuerbuzuo, and the good old letter." Using today's words, is to keep the look of ancient historical documents, generally not easily corrected, would not give his own views, so that it contains have been intended. Of course, Confucius this principle is not without exceptions, such as "Spring and Autumn", probably because there was "Spring and Autumn" or different versions of the original files are really too many, there was Confucius in the "Spring and Autumn Period," on the processing and finishing not only in great efforts, And may in fact contrary to his conviction that "Shuerbuzuo" principle, so when the "Spring and Autumn" in a book, Confucius has repeatedly declared: "Qiu future generations to know who to" Spring and Autumn "and the crime of Qiu also" Spring and Autumn "." It seems that after finishing on the "Spring and Autumn" is not a sufficient grasp and self-confidence. "Spring and Autumn" is the collation of Confucius. 'Shuerbuzuo "the principles of the writing of a change. At the same time, we" without reference to "The principles can not be too mechanical understanding. Moreover, this principle seems to be only on the collation of classical literature, not as scholars of Confucius have to comply with a lifetime of academic principles. If so, Confucius in addition to finishing off those classic , Seems to be no word of writing. Obviously, this is impossible, in fact, Confucius is a very hard-working people, not only to his later years he read "easy" for Sanjue Wei, it seems that in his lifelong study of the career It should also be left some reading experience, notes or Meipi such things.
Therefore, we believe that the Confucian order "book", Xu "Book of Changes", "Spring and Autumn," and so on, even if not all historical facts, and facts can not but fell far short. Qian Xuantong apply the saying to the elderly Confucius his knowledge, Caiju and prestige, if he did not left us with something, you may »
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