Production of iron and steel smelting

"There Zhe, under the iron."
—— "Tubes"
Ancient China's iron-smelting and iron manufacturing technology is extremely important significance, the iron is to push history forward the tremendous momentum. 20th Century Chinese archaeological discoveries show that China in the late Spring and Autumn Period, the production of iron on the very prosperity, to the late Warring States, has entered the manufacture of iron and iron-smelting golden age. The discovery of archaeological discoveries, powerful proof that the history of China Yetie technology is mature and more comprehensive, far ahead of all countries in the world.

Hebei Gaocheng to tomb unearthed in the iron blade of copper

Ancient World pig iron smelting technology first discovered in Central Asia, but due to iron-smelting furnace is too small, weak blast, the only chain to block the cavernous iron-smelting. From the late Spring and Autumn Period, China's iron smelting technology began独领风骚, vertical pig iron smelting iron-smelting furnace has become the main equipment. In particular to the Han Dynasty, the national franchise Yetie sophisticated skills workshops, to a large number of pig iron production.

The blast furnace blast equipment called "Tuo" (-t uó), is a skin-blower. This Tuo, Han also made a further improvement, leather produced by the wind and Mujia a capsule, into the exhaust outlet and I, together with several Tuo known as the row Tuo or exclusivity, it could increase Into the air volume, increased burning of firepower, and quickly to iron-smelting furnace temperature required by more than 1,200 degrees. The first, Tuo driven by human animal. According to historical records, then the iron-smelting, the need for hundreds of horses pulling large row Tuo blast, coupled with the shipment of ore hundreds of workers, who really strong Zhuang Ma. However, whether human or animal power blowers are unable to meet the growing needs of the iron-smelting, iron-smelting industry calls for a stronger blower there was more powerful hydraulic power blower - water row has emerged. Song Wang Zhen in the "agriculture of the" documented in detail the structure and water row principle, and graphics note. Pai is in the fast water flow from the coast of the erection of the huge wooden wheel, on the impact of water-driven round of rotation, driven by the transmission mechanism Tuo platoon rotation, which will be a strong wind into the blast furnace. Blower by including ancient hydraulic power agencies, transmission and body work into three parts have reached a considerable degree of comprehensive, production technology and the size and scale of the blast furnace in China in line with the world Wupi. Europe hydraulic blower in the 12th century.

Cast iron Han Hua Fan process map

Iron soften in ancient Chinese steel industry is another important invention. Refining iron out, because of the crisp, but not for lack of toughness forging good iron. Suitable for forging iron and cast iron, heat treatment because of the temperature and the different methods, the heart can be divided into white and black heart malleable iron malleable iron two. White Heart malleable cast iron is relatively high hardness and strength, black heart malleable iron has good impact resistant. Westerners write the history of the metallurgical works that these two extremely important, practical value of Europe and the United States are the invention of cast iron, white heart malleable cast iron is the French invented in 1722, also known as the "European-style malleable cast iron" , Black heart malleable cast iron is the invention of the Americans in 1826, also known as the "American-style malleable cast iron." However, according to historical records and archaeological findings provide evidence of China than the West as early as the past two millennia on the invention of manufacturing and white-black heart heart malleable cast iron technology. The technology is the key to long iron will be heated to high temperatures common, including changes in the compound of carbon, when the carbon content of between iron and steel, and also will change its nature, with strong scalability and maintained A certain hardness. This technology is of cast iron soften. The shovel unearthed in Luoyang, Henan, Hubei Daye Tonglushan unearthed in the ancient mine 2.60 hoe, are white heart malleable iron manufacturing.

Five Dynasties period when large cast - Iron Lion

Speculation Rail is the ancient Chinese iron and steel smelting important invention is a simple and effective iron-smelting operation. The method is too high carbon content of the malleable iron heated to Ban Liuti, and iron ore powder and then mixed up the "Fan Chao," so that elements of cast iron in the carbon leakage, oxidation, which are in low-carbon or carbon steel Steel. If we continue to go on speculation, have a lower carbon content Shutie. This approach began in the Western Han Dynasty, the Eastern Han Dynasty, "the peace" in a clear record on speculation iron technology, in Henan's Gongxian Yetie ancient ruins also found to speculation the production of iron and iron coins speculation furnace.

An agricultural matter, the more necessary, to promote the use of iron tools at the time the development of agricultural productivity. Photograph shows the Warring States Period