Learn Chinese: Copper Smelting and bronze

"The six-. Six of its payment-Ju, that of the Qi Zhong Ding."
——"Zhou test the mind"
World's first bronze was found in Turkey since 9000 has been the history. China's earliest bronze in the Yangshao culture period, 6,000 years have passed. 2500 BC, the Longshan Culture Remains found in the Bronze Age copper and tin alloy, sometimes with a lead. Their pieces of uniform thickness, is more Taofan of the bronze casting. Remains of the Qijia Culture unearthed a number of bronze, brass, red copper, bronze mirror, copper crucible in whole or in pieces, and the remaining copper copper slag. This shows that in 2000 BC the Qijia Culture has entered the bronze period. Xia Dynasty is a basic grasp of the bronze metallurgy technology of the times, in the famous archaeological excavations in Henan Yanshi Erlitou unearthed a bronze Jue best describes the prevailing level of bronze, copper 92%, tin 7% of the compound Fan casting from.

Erlitou, Henan Yanshi unearthed bronze Jue

Bronze Age is the peak period, the Western Zhou Dynasty, Spring and Autumn and Warring States early, continuing for about 1,600 years. This period can be divided into the bronze at the musical instruments, weapons and miscellaneous for. Jongmyo main instruments used in worship activities. - In ceremony of ancient ritual in the use of red tape, or Chen in the temples, or for banquet, the restrooms, there are some sacrificial object is dedicated to the clay image. Bronze with a certain ceremony for the sanctity of life in general can not use the occasion. All bronze in the ceremony for the largest number, also produced the most exquisite. Ceremony for cooking include cooking, drinking, Jiuqi, water and statues category. At the instrument can be produced on behalf of the Chinese bronze ware of the highest level. Weapons in Bengo, Shu, Ji, spear, and so on. During this period the most exquisite bronze decorations, decorated text of more types. Bronze one of the most common pattern, is Taotie Wen, also known as Shoumian Wen. Shang and Zhou Tao Tiewen two generations of many types, some like dragons, like tigers, like cows, like sheep, like a deer, like birds, like the phoenix, like the people. Western Zhou Dynasty era, the mysterious Bronze decoration gradually diminish. Dragon and phoenix, is still the home of many bronze pattern that can be said of many of the tread pattern, is actually from Long Yi, Fung two major types of birds from the Evolution of decoration.

Longfeng decorated with the Bronze

Ancient Chinese bronzes have two prominent characteristics: First, the production of compact绝伦, and the other is a large, unique, showing that the ancient Jiangshi their skills and talent for creating the magnificent spirit. Ceramic composite with the production of bronze casting Fan Fan and the law, in ancient China the full development. Taofan the choice of materials, Mold, turned Fan, Making patterns are very sophisticated, pistachio casting, the casting, casting Next, stack casting technology is very mature. Then developed without the lost wax casting the points of Technology, bronze casting process is undoubtedly a big improvement. To be inlaid in bronze, to increase the sense of beauty, this technology very early on there. The materials are inlaid turquoise, jade, Hong Tong, is also useful when the Spring and Autumn gold, silver to the bronze inlaid decoration. The Western Zhou Dynasty bronze There is also a feature of inscriptions is widespread and many words, the Western Zhou Dynasty of Silla Dayu tripod has 291 characters, Maogong Ding has 497 words. These inscriptions known as Jin, not only shows that the production of exquisite bronzes and metallurgy, but also become an extremely important historical document, a card-history history of the role.
Bronze metallurgy with its magnificent grand eye-catching. Shang and Zhou bronze ware unearthed in the period, many on Baijin the ceremony, several of them to the most famous Yin Ruins in Anyang, Henan unearthed large Fangding Secretary mother E, it is the late Shang Dynasty artifacts, 133 cm high, 111 cm long, wide 79 cm, 1995 of up to 832.84 kg, is China's largest and most Shangzhoushidai the bronze, also the world's largest ancient bronze one. It Hunpu modeling magnificent, elegant solemn, tripod, covered with a pattern, people in the face of it, will feel a force, subject to certain shock, it is often the image as a symbol of ancient Chinese civilization and there.

Unearthed in the Yin Ruins in Anyang, Henan Secretary mother E major Fangding

"The six" diagram. "The six-(agent)" is "test the mind" On the alloy composition of the narrative, is the pre-Qin period of Chinese bronze ware manufacturing process concluded.

Eastern Zhou Dynasty era, metallurgy technology rapidly improved, this period of handicraft technical expertise, "the test in mind" in the production of Zhong Ding, ax jin, Ji Yi, the blade, cutting scrap vector, such as Kam Sui six bronze alloy made of Detailed provisions. Frequent because of the war, weapons casting for fast development, especially Wu, the more the sword, very sharp, who heard the world. This period also witnessed some of the famous swordsmith Jiangshi, such as go-getters, the rule of Europe and others. Some sword had been buried in the ground for more than 2,000 years, but can still cut a stack of paper. 1965 unearthed Gou Jian of Yue WANG, its surface after a certain chemical treatment, a rust-proof, the diamond-shaped patterns, abnormal gorgeous, there is no corrosion, such as the new color.

Engraved with the text of the king Fuci sword

Another two ancient bronze shocked the world is the quality of Qin Shihuang's tomb in Lintong of Shaanxi were dug by the two Tong Juma. The first ride four horses, carrying the canopy, Yuzhe to sit with. The second by 3.17 meters long, 1.06 meters high, can be said to date to explore the structure of the most complex bronze, the perfect shape and delicate, lively and horse Weimeng astounding. The two are bronze castings ride a horse, according to the emperor during his lifetime Chengyu 1 / 2 production, Tongti impose painting, there are many of the car immediately pieces of silverware, true to reproduce the emperor Chejia charisma.

Ancient Chinese copper metallurgy and the outstanding achievements of comprehensive, not only bronze, also developed the Water Law copper, brass and white copper, also speaking on the scale of metallurgy Wupi the world. Hubei Daye P. Hill, the ancient copper mine site two kilometers long from north to south, things one km wide, covering 140,000 square meters, the mine more than 50 meters deep, vertical shaft, roadway, Pingxiang, and so constitute a complete system of the mine, ore primaries Underground, roadway support, lighting, drainage, conveying and a series of complex issues have been resolved.