Introduction

Sometimes days, to have gas, wood is the United States, for a skillfully. In Chinese tradition of the peoples of the world's material and cultural history has a unique credited. Since the Han Dynasty Zhang Qian ( «- before 114) mission to the Western Regions, gradually formed the Silk Road, China has been the traditional process will continue through Central Asia, West Asia into the Middle East and then into Europe, the four-to five continents, oceans. China's Li Chao history of arts and crafts, in Waizu invasion, Binghuangmaluan the time, often with skills to protect lives and become the messenger of cultural transmission. In addition, the process has been working with China's traditional philosophy in close contact, the first century, before and after the ancient Chinese thinkers, often used to describe the technology skills to explain their governance and in life all the thinking.
All these are unique geographical position with China and the formation of a long, miles upon miles of farming culture relations.

Yang Liu Qing New Year's pictures《farmers since the music》, end of the Ching dynasty, Dailian老店produced by Marker. The plan depicts wheat farmers harvest the labor scene, reflecting the traditional Chinese society, rural-style warmth and fun.

China has an abundance of coastline, but the birthplace of civilization - the Central Plains, it is deeply inland. Xia, Shang and Western Zhou Dynasty three of China's earliest national executive of the emergence, are landlocked. In the plains and mountains to grow up the nation, the farming land is their most important means of survival. Chinese traditional characteristics of the process is from this farming community of life and the decisions of the art form. People's manual skills and should be a Richuerzuo, Sunset and the rhythm of life and income development; all its categories in its original state with the use of the practical, simple, warmth, is compatible with the agricultural civilization of wisdom Even in its high-end - and the literati of the court process, remain traces of such practical and simple tradition. The decorative style is natural and economic vision of the natural landscape, animals, plants and decorative patterns is the mainstay of its little weird and Zhengning, full of optimism and progressive spirit.
In traditional Chinese ethics in the "Wanwusangzhi" of the arguments used to oppose the "Yin Qiao Acrobatic Wonders", to contain no practical value to the skills of over-development, such thinking on China for thousands of years along the process of the function The development of a subtle influence, it makes artificial skills development in the farming community to the extreme, and no society will not waste. This has brought a certain conservative, when the technology accumulated to a certain level of the social sciences to promote the progress of a certain moderation and hysteresis.
But overall, this traditional Chinese technology or commendable. It left us with a rich cultural heritage, including a number of artificial life and the wisdom of the Creator.
Of the traditional Chinese wisdom, can be summarized to the following aspects.
The first is the "service of others", that is life to the body, the control of man-made things. It stressed that any people-skills are the main, that is, today said the "people-oriented" This is the traditional process for the development of China is extremely important. Maybe some people will say, the use of people, some of the main people, nothing is strange. However, such a simple matter of understanding, in Europe there was tortuous history. British industrial revolution, the bulk of machine production to lower cost, bringing the cheapest products, many people are praising the production machinery for the industrial revolution cheered the outcome. But soon after, we found that machine-made products-size-fits, ugly, Bianyou started to produce dissatisfaction with mechanical products, that it blotted out the human personality, we all use the same rough things, is a way of life of forced another , From the manufacturer, in the whole industrial society in volume production, pipeline division of labor is very small, to become part of the machinery of the entire work process, not the slightest pleasure to speak of, unlike the traditional manual labor, Can give you a natural sense of close, Renyu Wu contravention of the skin, while the side would like to do. In the agricultural economy of the social rhythm of work, a pastoral-owned natural taste. So 19th century Europe the William Morris (William Morris ,1834-1896) as the utopian socialists and the design of the idealists.

Ming Dynasty 《Heavenly Creations of》 in the textile map.
China's traditional process from the very beginning to consider the human factor starting to make supplies, early Chinese machinery production also has formed a certain scale, especially in the late Ming period budding capitalist. At that time, in the Songjiang Shengze Town (this is a Wujiang in Jiangsu) area, weaving has been very developed, with 5-10 weaving machines of many people, and workers have been employed to operate, each procedure There is also a clear division of labour. However, this close to the capitalist mode of production of large-scale industries, and not from the development of quantitative change to qualitative change, not like the British Industrial Revolution through the textile industry as the driving force for transformation, so that greatly improve the yield, maximize the residual value, in reproduction, From the textile industry revolutionary change. China's Ming Dynasty and those in rural areas is inextricably linked to loom owners, will be earned in the weaving industry in the Qianyou into agricultural production or the building of the family, such as builders, to buy land, get married and have children , Which naturally includes a backward agricultural economy, but also reflects the traditional Chinese society, attention to the nature of people's lives, will not completely push the development of the production machinery to the extreme side. This is the ancient Chinese "have been re-easement of" people-centered thinking of a great relationship.
The second is "Zhiyong Liren," that is practical and that the people's livelihood. Qing Emperor Qianlong period (1736-1795), Western missionaries or foreign envoys to China, most of the gifts are some objects, such as machinery Ziming Zhong, This shows that the West was the production of many things, not fully benefit is Zhiyong Person. The ancient Chinese goods production is always emphasized the function, Guan Zhong thinkers of the Spring and Autumn Period (before 725 - before the 645) once said, "the ancient-workers, do not think that the wiseness of their playing, and reflect the diversity of useless, law-abiding Those yet. "This means that the maximum that the ancient artisans who is not going to waste the wisdom of those who do with the play of the useless, they followed the law and not contrary. Mozi's Warring States period (before about 468 - about the former 376) also made "Liren between, that is, between disadvantaged people, the basis" of the view that with the benefit of the people do not benefit the people and not to do. Today, this seemingly simple, but then there are profound significance. In view of this, the Chinese vocabulary inside the so-called "Yin Qiao Acrobatic Wonders", in fact, in China for thousands of years of feudal society, has never become the mainstream of society, which emphasizes function, relates Guojiminsheng, humanistic care to maintain the production of goods, China is the traditional process of mainstreaming.

The Jiangnan ancient landscape - through the openings usher in a green.
The third is "trial surface potential, with its appropriate", which stresses the process with specific technical and material relationship. There are many examples in this regard: such as furniture manufacturing in the use of the characteristics of wood, texture handle different structure, manufacturing Yantai, how to make use of the natural stone materials to deal with modeling, Zhuoyu how the use of jade, "Qiao color" to not only conform to Material properties and functions of things, and so on, these are the result of some small wood Shi Yi example. From a macro point of view, China attaches great importance to the traditional process material and technical conditions, the combination of functional requirements to design things. The late Ming and early Qing Dynasty famous writer Li Yu (1610-1680), "Xianqingouji" Talking about gardening inside when the key is referred to "crack in the body to" This is very important, it has decided Chinese people in the farming community that context, not a farming community of life and goes against the goods and periods of the crafts are basically in harmony with the lifestyle. Han is the traditional lighting of the design process in an outstanding example of his representative works long letter palace lantern in the water to filter dust, remain sealed, the use of flue to carry out smoke, use rotating structure to adjust to the light in terms of a non - And extraordinary ingenuity.

Fourth, "Qiao law good fortune", it stressed that the Creator draw inspiration from nature, and nature in harmony. Has been that "good fortune" is a painting on the nature of the commonly used term Shifa, in fact it also runs through the traditional process in China, refers to the natural learning, inspiration from nature, people asked the Creator to maintain harmony with nature. In ancient China this was particularly evident, such as Nenggongqiaojiang Lubanga (before 507 - about 444 before) saw the invention, Legend has it that from the nature of the plant with serrated leaves get inspired; three countries at the Zhuge Liang (181-234) Shudao on food shipped in, the invention of the trolleys, "the wooden ox", but also the shape of machinery and bionic combination of design. There are many examples of this ancient, even some astronomical observation equipment, such as the Eastern Han Zhang Heng (78-139) of the earth will quake-designate, such as wind, and nature is also under some linked to the shape to create. The section of the Ming Dynasty, "Xiushi recorded," clearly put forward the "good fortune of Qiao, the personal quality, like yin and yang," that is the case. Qianlong period is also a lot of luxury items like health porcelain. More examples of some of the Creator in civil, such as fish set, Xiangbao, an impression, door locks, etc., and their health as not only a function of significance, but also includes Chinese folk culture unique symbolic.

Merlion tiger-head pillows

Fifth is the "technology to contain Road," which means that technology includes thinking of the factors, both for the Xinger Xia specific functions such as manufacturing operations, technical work and metaphysical theories together. This concept from the pre-Qin time on began to take shape, which affected most of Taoism; Confucianism has a similar ideology, such as "The Road to contain". Although the history of China, often with some ideas toward re-thinking, light spread is wide, but in the daily lives of specific people, the spirit of practicality has never been large.
Sixth is "Wenzhibinbin", that is appropriate to match the appearance and substance, it emphasizes the creation of content and form of unity, the unity of functional and decorative, which in Chinese tradition can be found in many of the examples. From the overall development of human culture, decorative arts is a very important aspect. And that form and content of unity, functional and decorative reunification, and avoid formalism or just fall into the tendency to emphasize features. This is the Confucian "Wenzhibinbin" ideological influence on the outcome. It requires people in the way of life, codes of conduct and human creation and human relations, and other aspects, has always maintained both form and content of value orientation.
Throughout the process of China's ancient history, the traditional process of development is basically normal and healthy, although in certain periods there have been some of the interesting Fanru too, but the historical point of view, it all and then with the development of productive forces To show restraint and it is the aesthetic character.